Penstock.



W. G. FARGO. PBNSTOGK.

APPLIGATION FILED FEB. 20, 1906.

E g/ Z 20 Jfig TERS cm, wasnmarou ag PATENTED JAN. 15, 1907.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM G. FARGO, OFJACKSONIWICHIGAN.

PENSTOCK.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 15, 1907.

Application filed February 20, 1906. Serial No. 302,14A.

To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM G. FARGO, a citizen of the United States, residing at J ackson, in the county of Jackson and State of Michigan, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Penstocks, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to penstocks.

One object is to provide a penstock or other structure with a sectionized lining.

Another object resides in the provision of a lining madeup in sections and detachably secured for movement upon the penstock or other structure and controlled in movement by hydrostatic pressure.

A still further object resides in the reduction of area of pressure-surface of the lining in proportion to the depth below the contained liquid surface or an area reduction proportioned inversely to the increase of hy drostatic or internal pressure, so as not to overload any particularpart of the lining be yond the limit of sliding friction for that part of the lining. Thus any part of the liningthat is, a section thereofmaybe always free to slide with respect to the outer wall, ac cording to the action of pressure tending to strain the outer or body wall.

It is still further designed to provide a sectional lining so constructed and arranged with respect to the penstock or other structure as to prevent leakage or seepage and to strength e11 the body-walls of the structure.

- W'ith the above and other objects in view the present invention consists in the combination and arrangement of parts hereinafter fully described, shown in the accompanying drawings, and particularly pointed out in the appended claims, it being understood that changes in the form, proportion, size, and minor details may be resorted to within the scope of the claims without departing from the spirit or sacrificing any of the advantages of the invention.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a sectional view taken longitudinally through a pen stock-stall. Fig. 2 is a top plan view, and Fig. 3 is a detail perspective view of the form of means for coupling the sections of the lining to the body or outer wall.

Referring now more particularly to the accompanying drawings, the reference character 1 indicates a penstock-stall composed, preferably, of reinforced concrete, the upstream end being open and the downstream end being closed, as at 2. This closed end 2 may be ranged the tail-pit6, having communication I with the stall through a discharge-opening 7, in which latter may be disposed a draft-tube 8, as shown.

The base of the stall may or may not be enlarged, as indicated at 9. However, as there may be a horizontal joint between the connection of the stall and floor it is preferred that a broad bearing-surface be provided; hence the enlargement or foot 9 at the base of the stall. This foot may extend entirely round the stallthat-is, round the closed end and sidesif desired; but it is preferably disposed at the closed end only. This horizontal joint at the base of the closed end of the stall'and the floor is of paramount importance in large penstocks or other structures and may be regarded as a slipjoint. The weight of the stall itself maybe depended upon to cooperate with the floor to hold the stall in place to prevent leakage through the joint, although, if preferred, the horizontal joint may be rendered tight by calking or the like. If the stall'be composed of concrete, the foot 9 is preferably reinforced; but, as hereinbefore stated, the stall may be formed of any other suitable material. As hereinbefore premised, the lining in this instance is made up of sections of concrete, as indicated at 10. These sections may or may not be reinforced but it is preferred that they be reinforced near the faces next to the walls of the penstock, where there may be more or-less friction due to the sliding movement permitted the sections in a manner hereinafter explained. In any event the sectional lining retains'its normal condition against the action of'hydrostatic or internal pressure or other conditions asregards its porosity when the penstock or other structure is under stress. The resultis that the penstock or other structure is provided with a lining possessing such qualifications-as to preclude the possibility of leakage or seepage at the end therefor regardless of any slight or undue disintegration of the 'body walls of the structure, due principally to internal pressure. If the sections be reinforced to .a slight extent, they will possess slight flexibility without causing them to lack the aforesaid qualifications, particularly as regards porosity, if placed under a slight stress or tension. The method of reinforcing is not material; but as there would be considerable friction between the movable lining of a single piece of concrete in a stall of large propor tions I aim to distribute the friction in the use of my improved sectional lining. In other words, in the use of the sectional lining the friction over large surfaces will not be accumulated. To support these sections 10, it is preferred to embed bolts 11 in the concrete or other outer walls of the structure and embed in each lining-section plates 12, each provided with a slot 13, whereby the sections may be disposed against the walls of the structure and held loosely in relation thereto by nuts 14 and tight by hydrostatic or internal pressure, permitting a little play of the sections upon the walls of the structure. If desired, these sections may overlap, as shown at 15 in Fig. 1. Obviously if the lining were formed of a single piece of material it could be held against the body-walls in the same manner as are the sections,'and, if desired,

the lining may extend throughout the length of the sides of the stall.

From the foregoing it will be understood that while the sections, and consequently the lining as a whole, have movement upon the walls of the stall or other structure the sections are each secured against accidental displacement by suitable means, and it will be understood that the means for accomplishing this purpose is such as not to bind the sec tions in engagement with the structure, but hold them freely with respect to the latter to permit hydrostatic or internal pressure to have action upon the sections to move them, if necessary, without placing them under stress or tension even though the body-walls of the structure may be placed under tension by the hydrostatic or internal pressure.

In concrete structures wherein the shell or casing is reinforced with steel or other metal heavy pressure within the shell or casing will create or cause to be created a number of very fine microscopic cracks in the concrete, due mainly, if not entirely, to the higher elastic limit and greater tensile strength of the steel over the concrete. These cracks may not necessarily endanger the strength of the structure; butseepage or leakage of fluids is liable to occur in various concrete structures when so strained; hence the importance of my movable sectional lining. The body-walls being fixed receive the tension or stress, while the lining being not fixed, but movable, throws off the tension or stress due to internal or hydrostatic pressure.

It will here be remarked that I hereinillustrate and describe one specific form of means for holding the lining-sections against displacement; but I wish it understood that this 6 5 specific means is susceptible to change and that I do not intend to limit myself to this one particular means of connection. It will also be remarked that my improved sectionized lining may be applied to conduits, standpipes, tanks, and the like and that obviously the lining may be composed of material other than concrete.

What is claimed is 1. A penstock comprising a stall, anda sectionized lining therefor the sections being movable upon the stall.

2. A penstock comprising a stall, and a lining therefor, the lining being made up of flexible sections.

v 3. A penstock comprising a stall, and a lining therefor, the lining being made up of independent overlapping sections.

4. A penstock comprising a stall, a lining made up of adjoining sections, and means for slidably supporting the sections.

5. A penstock comprising a stall, a sec tional lining therefor, and connections between the stall and sections to hold the latter against accidental displacement, the sections being held. in engagement with the stall by internal pressure.

6. A penstock comprising a stall having projections extending inwardly thereof, and a lining, the lining having slotted plates embedded therein for engagement with said proj ections, and means engaging said. projections to prevent accidental displacement of lining.

7. A penstock comprising a stall having projections, and a sectional lining mounted upon said projections.

' 8. A penstock comprising a stall having projections, and a lining mounted upon said proj ections- 9. A wall having projections, and a sectionized flexible lining mounted upon the projections.

10. A wall having projections, and a flexible lining made up of sections, each section being mounted upon projections of the wall.

11. A penstock comprising a stall having projections, and a reinforced concrete lining,

the liningbeing made up of sections mounted upon said projections.

12. A penstock comprising a reinforced concrete stall having inwardly-directed proj ections, and a reinforced concrete lining, the lining being composed of sections mounted upon said projections.

13. A wall having projections, and a lining for the wall, the lining being composed of reinforced concrete sections slidably mounted upon said projections.

14. A wall having projections, and concrete sections mounted for movement upon said projections.

15. A wall having projections, and reinforced concrete sections mounted for movement upon said projections.

16. A penstock comprising a stall having projections, and concrete sections mounted for movement upon said projections.

17. A penstock comprising a reinforced concrete stall having projections, and a lining for the stall, the lining being composed of reinforced concrete sections mounted for movement upon said projections.

18. A penstock comprising a reinforced concrete stall having inwardly-directed projections, and a reinforced concrete lining for the stall, the lining being mounted for movement upon said projections.

19. A penstock comprising a stall of reinforced concrete, and a reinforced concrete lining made up of sections carried by the stall.

20. A penstock comprising a stall and a sectionized lining possessing flexibility covering 'LllOSB surfaces of the penstock subject to seepage.

21. A penstock comprising a stall and a sectionized flexible lining therefor, the lining being ac'i ed upon by pressure.

22. A penstock comprising a stall and a sectionized, flexible lining therefor.

23. A penstock comprising a stall and a SBCi'iOIliZGd lining therefor, the sections being non-adherent to the stall.

24. A penstock comprising a stall and a sectionized, flexible linin therefor, the sections being non-adherent to the stall.

25. A penstock comprising a reinforced concrete siall, and a sectionized, flexible lining therefor, the sections being non-adherent to the stall.

26. A penstock comprising a stall and a sectionized flexible lining therefor, the sec i'ions overlapping one another.

27. A penstook comprising a stall and a sectionized flexible lining therefor, the sec tions overlapping and non-adherent to one another and lo the stall.

28. A penstock comprising a stall, a lining composed of overlapping flexible-sections, and means for supporting the sections slidably upon the stall.

29. A penstock comprising a stall and a lining composed of overlapping sections.-

30. A penstock comprising body-walls and a sectional lining therefor, the sections being movable under stress to throw the stress upon the body-walls.

31. A penstock comprising body-walls, and a sectional lining therefor, the sections being movable under stress to throw the stress upon the body-walls and to prevent the accu mulation of friction between the walls and sections during movement of the lining.

32. Apenstock comprising body-walls and a lining therefor, and mechanical means connecting the walls and lining to hold the latter slidably against accidental displacement when relieved of pressure.

33. A penstock comprising body-walls, and a flexible lining therefor, and mechanical means connecting the walls and lining to hold the latter against displacement when relieved of pressure.

34. A penstock comprising a stall and a lining therefor the lining being composed of overlapping sections non-adherent with respect to one another and to the stall.

35. A penstock comprising a concrete stall and a lining therefor, the lining being com posed of concrete sections non-adherent with respect to one another and to the stall.

36. A wall and a sectionized lining therefor, the sect-ions being movable under stress to throw the stress upon the wall.

37. A wall and a sectionized lining therefor, the sections being movable under stress to throw the stress upon the wall and to prevent the accumulation of friction between the wall and sections during movement of the lining.

38. A wall and a lining therefor, and mechanical .means connecting the wall and lining to hold the latter slidably against accidental displacement.

In testimony whereof I hereunto set my hand this 16th day of February, 1906.

WILLIAM G. FARGO.

In presence of- NANNIE KING, CLARENCE D. STONE. 

